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Manuela with skirt, 1980
Bronze
Height: 91 cm
Ex.-Nr. 1/10
Monogrammed and numbered
Bildgießerei Richard Barth, Rinteln
Provenance:
Estate of Gerhard Marcks
Literature:
Jürgen Fitschen (Hrsg.), Gerhard Marcks: Das plastische Werk 1973-1981. Mit einem Werkverzeichnis von Arie Hartog, Bielefeld 2004, S. 101, Nr. 1184.
18.02.1889
Born in Berlin
1899 - 1907
Attends the humanistic Bismarck-Gymnasium, Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
1907 - 1912
Turns to sculpture: first instruction from August Gaul and Georg Kolbe. Creates animal sculptures. Becomes acquainted with Walter Gropius and Richard Scheibe. 1908 Workshop partnership with Richard Scheibe in his studio in Berlin-Friedenau and from 1908 participation in the exhibitions of the Berlin Secession. From 1909, association with the Schwarzburger Werkstätten für Porzellankunst, Unterweißbach/Thuringia, and from 1910 turned to nudes and portraits.
1912/13
One-year volunteer, Lübeck.
1913/14
Stone reliefs for the entrance to Walter Gropius' machine hall at the German Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne (1914).
1914 - 1918
1914 Journey to Paris, marriage and conscription as a soldier in the First World War. Participates in the battles in Flanders. Returned seriously ill in November 1914. Discharged from military service in 1916. - Appointed to the Berlin State School of Arts and Crafts on 1 December 1918.
1919
On 1 April, Walter Gropius appoints him together with Johannes Itten and Lyonel Feininger as a master at the State Bauhaus in Weimar. Lyonel Feininger encourages him to take up woodcuts, Walther Klemm, master of form at the Bauhaus print shop (until 1921), introduces him to etching. Beginning of lifelong friendship with Feininger.
1920 - 1925
Founding and management of the Bauhaus ceramics workshop in Dornburg/Saale as mould master together with the Thuringian master potter Max Krehan as foreman. Beginning of friendship with Feininger, later also with Oskar Schlemmer. - On 26 December 1924, the Masters' Council decides to dissolve the Bauhaus in Weimar on 1 April 1925.
1925
On 1 April 1925, Marcks is appointed head of a sculpture workshop at the Staatliche Kunstgewerbeschule Burg Giebichenstein, Halle/Saale, which he accepts on 15 September 1925.
1926/27
From 1926, regular summer holidays at the Baltic Sea. Study trip to Paris in the summer of 1926 and to Florence in April 1927.
1928
Study trip to Greece, which provides significant artistic impetus, and appointment as Director of the Burg Giebichenstein School of Arts and Crafts.
1930
Creation of the model for the seated "Castalia" (1931/32, marble) and the life-size standing figure "Thuringian Venus" (bronze), which are among the sculptor's major works.
1933
Dismissal from the teaching profession and relocation to Niehagen/Mecklenburg.
1935
As a Villa Massimo scholarship holder from May to June in Rome.
1936
Since autumn working in the studio community Klosterstraße 75, Berlin. Friendship with Ludwig Kasper, Hermann Blumenthal, Werner Gilles. Encounter with Hans Wimmer. Participates in the Olympic Art Exhibition with the sculptures "Schwimmerin" and "Große Barbara".
1937
Construction of a studio building in Berlin-Nikolassee. Marcks is placed on the list of "degenerate" artists. Works by Marcks are removed from museums and public collections. Confiscation of Marcks' works from the Buchholz Gallery. Provisional exhibition ban and threat of a work ban. Two bronzes by Marcks from the Folkwang Museum, Essen, are shown in the "Degenerate Art" exhibition in Munich.
1943
The house and studio in Berlin-Nikolassee are destroyed in a bomb attack, along with almost all the works in the studio.
1945 - 1950
Professor of Sculpture at the Landeskunstschule Hamburg (University of Fine Arts, Hamburg).
1946
Numerous monumental commissions (e.g. "Große Trauernde", shell limestone, memorial for the city of Cologne, executed in 1949; "Charonsnachen", stone, 1951, for the bomb victims of the Second World War, Hamburg, Ohlsdorf cemetery)
1947
Work on the models for the series of figures at St Catherine's Church, Lübeck (completed in 1948).
1950
Trip to the USA at the invitation of the Fairmont Park Association. Reunion with Feininger in New York. Moves from Hamburg to Cologne-Müngersdorf.
1957/58
Portal (bronze) for the Marktkirche in Hanover. 1958 study visit to Rome, Villa Massimo.
1959
Another study trip to Greece.
1963
Travelling to North and South America. Work on several monumental commissions.
1964
Construction of a summer house in Kypseli, Aegina, according to his own designs.
1969
Establishment of the Gerhard Marcks Foundation in Bremen.
1971
Figure "Kriemhild" in various versions. Plaque "Dioskuren": Winner's medal of the Olympic Games in Munich, 1972. Opening of the Gerhard-Marcks-Haus in Bremen in September.
1973
Holiday home Hain/Eifel. Here he creates landscapes and depictions of trees in oil crayon and as lithographs.
1975
For the last time in Aegina and Olympia. - Standing robed figure "Odi", bronze.
1978
Sculpture "Albertus Minor" for the Federal Chancellery, Bonn.
1949
"Ehrenmitglied der Freien Akademie der Künste in Hamburg", Hamburg, Germany
1949
"Goethe-Plakette", Stadt Frankfurt a.M., Frankfurt a.M., Germany
1949
"Stefan- Lochner-Medaille", Stadt Köln, Köln, Germany
1950
"Mitglied der Bayerischen Akademie der Schönen Künste", München, Germany
1952
"Ritter der Friedensklasse des Ordens Pour le mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste",
1953
"Kulturpreis der Stadt Wiesbaden", Stadt Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
1954
"Großer Kunstpreis für Bildhauerei des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen", Germany
1955
"Kunstpreis der Stadt Berlin", Berlin, Germany
1955
"Ordentliches Mitglied der Akademie der Künste, Berlin", Berlin, West, Germany
1959
"Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Germany
1962
"Ehrenmitglied der Nürnberger Akademie der Künste", Nürnberg, Germany
1964
"Großes Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Stern",
1979
"Großes Verdienstkreuz des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit Stern und Schulterband", Germany
1980
"Ehrenmitglied der Academy of Letters and Arts, New York", New York, USA
1923
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Zeichnungen", Kunstverein Jena, Jena, Germany
1924
"Gerhard Marcks", Galerie Ferdinand Möller, Berlin, Germany
1927
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Graphik", Kunstverein Jena, Jena, Germany
1930
"Gerhard Marcks", Kunsthütte, Chemnitz, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Zeichnungen", Kunstverein Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Zeichnungen", Kunstverein Ulm, Ulm, Germany
1931
"Gerhard Marcks", Neue Kunst Fides, Dresden, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Zeichnungen", Museumsverein, Duisburg, Germany
1933
Nassauischer Kunstverein, Wiesbaden, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik und Graphik", Kunstverein Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
1935
"Gerhard Marcks: Neuere Arbeiten", Galerie Buchholz, Berlin, Germany
1936
"Gerhard Marcks: Bronzen und Zeichnungen", Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover, Germany
1937
"Gerhard Marcks: Neuere Arbeiten", Galerie Buchholz, Berlin, Germany
1947
"Gerhard Marcks", Galerie Hoffmann, Hamburg, Germany
1949
"Gerhard Marcks", Kunstverein Hamburg; Lübeck, Overbeckgesellschaft; Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover (Wanderausst.), Germany
"Gerhard Marcks", Galerie Hoffmann, Hamburg, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks", Galerie Günter Franke, München, Germany
1950
"Gerhard Marcks: Neuere Werke", Galerie Vömel (auch 1954, 1956, 1959, 1968 u.a.), Düsseldorf, Germany
1951
"Gerhard Marcks", Buchholz Gallery Curt Valentin, New York, USA
1952
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik, Zeichnungen, Graphik", Kunsthalle Kiel, Kiel, Germany
1953
"Gerhard Marcks", Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA
"Gerhard Marcks", Städtische Kunsthalle Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
1954
"Gerhard Marcks: An Exhibition of Sculpture with Drawings and Woodcuts", The Arts Council, London, Great Britain
"Gerhard Marcks", Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen (zusammen mit Galerie Vömel), Düsseldorf, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Bildwerke, Holzschnitte, Zeichnungen 1931-1953", Kunstverein Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
1957
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik, Zeichnungen, Holzschnitte", Städtische Kunstsammlung, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Germany
1958
"Gerhard Marcks - Recent Sculpture", Otto Gerson Gallery (auch 1961), New York, USA
"Gerhard Marcks: Skulpturen, Handzeichnungen und Graphik", Nationalgalerie Berlin (Ost), Berlin, Ost, Germany
1960
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik, Zeichnungen, Graphik", Kunstverein Hannover, Hannover, Germany
1964
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik, Handzeichnungen, Graphik", Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Skulpturen und Zeichnungen", Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Köln, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks", Galerie Nierendorf (auch 1969, 1971, 1974 u.a.), Berlin, Germany
1967
"A Comprehensive Exhibition of Bronze Sculpture by Gerhard Marcks", Leonard Hutton Galleries, New York, USA
1969
"Gerhard Marcks: Bildnisse und Landschaften", Kunsthalle Bremen, Bremen, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks zum 80. Geburtstag", Kunstverein Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks : a retrospective exhibition (Wanderausstellung)", UCLA Art Galleries; Portland Museum of Art; San Francisco Museum of Art (weitere Stationen), Los Angeles; Portland; San Francisco u.a., USA
1971
"Gerhard Marcks", Musée Rodin, Paris, France
1973
"Gerhard Marcks: Skulpturen, Holzschnitte", Galerie Gunzenhauser, München, Germany
1974
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastiken, Zeichnungen, Graphiken", Galerie Koch, Hannover, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Plastik, Zeichnungen, Druckgraphik", Staatliche Galerie Moritzburg, Halle, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks zum 85. Geburtstag", Gerhard Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany
1977
"Gerhard Marcks: Keramik", Hetjens-Museum, Deutsches Keramikmuseum, Düsseldorf, Germany
1979
"Gerhard Marcks", Georg Kolbe Museum, Berlin, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks zum 90. Geburtstag", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen; Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nürnberg, Germany
1983
"Gerhard Marcks: Seraphita 1933", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany
1989
"Gerhard Marcks: 1889-1981. Retrospektive", Josef-Haubrich-Kunsthalle; Nationalgalerie Berlin; Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Köln; Berlin; Bremen, Germany
1991
"Gerhard Marcks 1889-1981: Zeichnungen aus einer Privatsammlung", Museum Katharinenhof Kranenburg; Städtisches Museum Siegburg, Germany
1999
"Gerhard Marcks : Statuen. Plastiken und Zeichnungen aus dem Gerhard-Marcks-Haus Bremen", Stiftung Museum Schloß Moyland, Moyland, Germany
"Gerhard Marcks: Mensch und Maß", Kunstmuseum Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
2001
"Venus und Gärtnerin : Werke von Gerhard Marcks 1930-1942", Reuchlinhaus Pforzheim, Pforzheim, Germany
2003
""Wir sind die letzten Mohikaner": Gerhard Marcks und Hans Wimmer ; Plastik von 1965 - 1985", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany
2004
"Gerhard Marcks : Zwischen Bauhaus und Dornburger Atelier", Stadtmuseum Jena, Jena, Germany
2006
"Gerhard Marcks und der Obersalzberg : von Berchtesgaden zum Bauhaus", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany
2007
"Gerhard Marcks: Die Einheit der Gegensätze", Museum Schloss Cappenberg, Selm, Germany
2011
"Feininger & Marcks: Tradition aus dem Bauhaus", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany
2015
"Die Stille im Zentrum des Zyklons – Gerhard Marcks und sein Modell Trude Jalowetz", Edwin Scharff Museum, Neu-Ulm, Germany
2018
"Wir machen nach Halle: Marguerite Friedlaender & Gerhard Marcks", Kunstverein Talstraße, Halle, Germany
2023
"Gerhard Marcks: Auf dem Sportplatz", Gerhard-Marcks-Haus, Bremen, Germany